Histories
Cystoscopy
The ability to probe the body's inner geography has been a boon to the world of medicine. Thanks to endoscopic techniques, urologists have illuminated non-invasive access to our most intimate crevices to diagnose or treat disease. Yet centuries ago, men of medicine could only dream of such routine visualizations, even as they pioneered the "cystoscope," the blueprint for all other endoscopes.
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Imaging
No marriage has worked quite as well as the union of urology and radiology. With the introduction of X-rays by German professor Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen* on Nov. 8, 1895, physicians had a non-invasive tool to survey the urinary tract.
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PSA
The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is one of the most familiar of urology's milestones. Millions of men have benefited from early prostate cancer detection because of this revolutionary—albeit somewhat controversial—blood test.
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